If you use data from this page in your research, please cite this website and the associated paper.
Sector-level CREATE scores constructed using the methodology of Chacon, Kothari, Morillon, and Seagraves (2026).
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Use the left and right arrow keys to inspect monthly scores. Home and End select the first and last month. Missing observations are gaps.
Tax effectiveness scores constructed using the methodology of Schwab, Stomberg, and Williams (2022).
Note: Tax haven data for fiscal years 2020 and beyond are obtained from the OpenSanctions US CorpWatch dataset.
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